Quantifying the Contribution of Urbanization to Summer Extreme High-Temperature Events in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Urban Agglomeration

Abstract Determining the contribution of urbanization to extreme high-temperature events is essential coordinated development Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei (BTH). Based on dynamic data land-use change in every 5 years, this study uses coupled WRF–Building Effect Parameterization/Building Energy Model (BEP/BEM) at 1-km grid spacing quantify BTH intensity frequency hourly summer. From 1990 2015, over Beijing its south increased by ∼1.5°–2°C 50–100 h frequency, both which were even higher central Shijiazhuang. The increases multiyear average ratios reached 3.3% 51.6% 99% confidence level ( p < 0.01) from respectively. corresponding contributions 1.8 1.2 times more significantly megacities (i.e., Shijiazhuang) than small medium-sized cities. Therefore, rapid has substantially enhanced BTH. It necessary limit growth rate implement effective adaptation mitigation strategies sustain development.